Queer Riffs on Life Since 1969, for 7:30 p.m. Monday at the current And Dick Leitsch, who was the head of the Mattachine Society said, "Who's in favor?" And then as you turned into the other room with the jukebox, those were the drag queens around the jukebox. Jerry Hoose:Who was gonna complain about a crackdown against gay people? Martin Boyce:It was thrilling. It was as if they were identifying a thing. Gay people were never supposed to be threats to police officers. You gotta remember, the Stonewall bar was just down the street from there. Stonewall riots | Definition, Significance, & Facts | Britannica Daily News ", Martin Boyce:People in the neighborhood, the most unlikely people were starting to support it. They had a warrant. Tommy Lanigan-Schmidt:The police would zero in on us because sometimes they would be in plain clothes, and sometimes they would even entrap. Raymond Castro:I'd go in there and I would look and I would just cringe because, you know, people would start touching me, and "Hello, what are you doing there if you don't want to be touched?" It eats you up inside. And I raised my hand at one point and said, "Let's have a protest march." Howard Smith, Reporter,The Village Voice:So at that point the police are extremely nervous. Somehow being gay was the most terrible thing you could possibly be. (c) 2011 New York Today is still going strong! Historians have noted that the shift in activism, if Stonewall truly represented one at all, was a shift primarily for white cisgender people, as people of color and gender non-conforming people never truly had the benefit of concealing their marginalized identities. And when she grabbed that everybody knew she couldn't do it alone so all the other queens, Congo Woman, queens like that started and they were hitting that door. Gay Pride Week and March, was meant to give the community a chance to gather together to, "commemorate the Christopher Street Uprisings of last summer in which thousands of homosexuals went to the streets to demonstrate against centuries of abuse.from government hostility to employment and housing discrimination, Mafia control of Gay bars, and anti-Homosexual laws" (Christopher Street Liberation Day Committee Fliers, Franklin Kameny Papers). The Stonewall Riots are widely considered to be the start of the LGBT rights movement in the United States. A History of Gay Rights in America. In 2019, shortly before the 50th anniversary of the riots, New York Citys police commissioner, James P. ONeill, issued an apology on behalf of the police department saying, The actions taken by the N.Y.P.D. We were winning. Ed Koch, Councilman, New York City:The Stonewall, they didn't have a liquor license and they were raided by the cops regularly and there were pay-offs to the cops, it was awful. 2023, A&E Television Networks, LLC. And some people came out, being very dramatic, throwing their arms up in a V, you know, the victory sign. And when you got a word, the word was homosexuality and you looked it up. After two years, police said they had been informed that liquor was being served on the premises. The Catholic Church, be damned to hell. WebHIS 100 Module Four Activity Template: Historical Narratives Xavier Bethea Locate an additional secondary source relevant to your historical event. And they started smashing their heads with clubs. The 7.7-acre (3.1-hectare) monument included the Stonewall Inn, Christopher Park, and the surrounding streets and sidewalks. All kinds of designers, boxers, big museum people. And I said to myself, "Oh my God, this will not last.". It was like a reward. Although I was going through an extremely Ellinor Mitchell What finally made sense to me was the first time I kissed a woman and I thought, "Oh, this is what it's about." So anything that would set us off, we would go into action. Martha Shelley:The riot could have been buried, it could have been a few days in the local newspaper and that was that. If anybody should find out I was gay and would tell my mother, who was in a wheelchair, it would have broken my heart and she would have thought she did something wrong. John O'Brien:If a gay man is caught by the police and is identified as being involved in what they called lewd, immoral behavior, they would have their person's name, their age and many times their home address listed in the major newspapers. Find out how the Stonewall uprising sparked a new era of LGBTQ activism, This article was most recently revised and updated by, Theres a Riot Goin On: Riots in U.S. History (Part Two), 5 Important Places in Global LGBTQIA+ History. Fred Sargeant:When it was clear that things were definitely over for the evening, we decided we needed to do something more. But I had only stuck my head in once at the Stonewall. Dick Leitsch:There were Black Panthers and there were anti-war people. Martin Boyce:And then more police came, and it didn't stop. I learned, very early, that those horrible words were about me, that I was one of those people. Raymond Castro:So then I got pushed back in, into the Stonewall by these plain clothes cops and they would not let me out, they didn't let anybody out. Many of those bars were, however, subject to regular police harassment. But everybody knew it wasn't normal stuff and everyone was on edge and that was the worst part of it because you knew they were on edge and you knew that the first shot that was fired meant all the shots would be fired. They put some people on the street right in front ofThe Village Voiceprotesting the use of the word fag in my story. Greenwich Village's Stonewall Inn has undergone several transformations in the decades since it was the focal point of a three-day riot in 1969. People that were involved in it like me referred to it as "The First Run." The concept behind the initial Pride march was formally proposed by lesbian activist Ellen Broidy (NYU Student Homophile League), who had written the proposaltogether with Craig Rodwell (Homophile Youth Movement). They could be judges, lawyers. rebellion in the early morning hours of June 28, 1969. Because its all right in the Village, but the minute we cross 14th street, if there's only ten of us, God knows what's going to happen to us.". A lot of them had been thrown out of their families. I was never seduced by an older person or anything like that. WebBusiness Core Capstone: An Integrated Application (D083) Documents Popular BANA 2082 - Chapter 1.1 Final Paper - COM 315 Summary Intimate Relationships - chapters 1, 3-6, 8-11, 13, 14 Ch. The mirrors, all the bottles of liquor, the jukebox, the cigarette machines. Yvonne Ritter:I had just turned 18 on June 27, 1969. Seymour Wishman Please select which sections you would like to print: Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Andy Frielingsdorf, Reenactment Actors Many historians characterized the uprising as a spontaneous protest against the perpetual police harassment and social discrimination suffered by a variety of sexual minorities in the 1960s. when possible. For instance, solicitation of same-sex relations was illegal in New York City. In the Civil Rights Movement, we ran from the police; in the peace movement, we ran from the police. William Eskridge, Professor of Law:The Stonewall riots came at a central point in history. We heard one, then more and more. Within minutes, a full-blown riot involving hundreds of people began. It was terrifying. The police report documenting the assault on the automobile is part of a small set of documents nine pages in total posted online last week at OutHistory.org, Though the Stonewall uprising didnt start the gay rights movement, it was a galvanizing force for LGBT political activism, leading to numerous gay rights organizations, including the Gay Liberation Front, Human Rights Campaign, GLAAD (formerly Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation), andPFLAG (formerly Parents, Families and Friends of Lesbians and Gays). Other images in this film are either recreations or drawn from events of the time. It was a nightly home for many runaways and homeless gay youths, who panhandled or shoplifted to afford the entry fee. When we got dressed for that night, we had cocktails and we put the makeup on. The mob was saying, you know, "Screw you, cops, you think you can come in a bust us up? They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. HISTORY.com works with a wide range of writers and editors to create accurate and informative content. Doric Wilson:And we were about 100, 120 people and there were people lining the sidewalks ahead of us to watch us go by, gay people, mainly. You had no place to try to find an identity. You know, Howard's concern was and my concern was that if all hell broke loose, they'd just start busting heads. Seymour Pine, Deputy Inspector, Morals Division, NYPD:It was always hands up, what do you want? Danny Garvin:Everybody would just freeze or clam up. He was later sued by the police officer, Gilbert Weisman, for assault, and had to pay a fine. Lucian Truscott, IV, Reporter,The Village Voice:It was a bottle club which meant that I guess you went to the door and you bought a membership or something for a buck and then you went in and then you could buy drinks. WebJamie Tucker March 20, 2022 HIS 200 3-2 Writing Plan Progress Check 3 Topic of Interest: For my historical event I have chosen The Stonewall Riots. Published July 1969. The records concern the start of the Stonewall uprising in the early morning of June 28, 1969. Aaron Lecklider Journal of American History, Volume 107, Issue 3, December 2020, Pages 794796, https://doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jaaa438 Published: 01 December 2020 PDF Split View Cite Danny Garvin:Bam, bam and bash and then an opening and then whoa. Detective John Sorenson, Dade County Morals & Juvenile Squad (Archival):There may be some in this auditorium. Because if you don't have extremes, you don't get any moderation. I guess they're deviates. Fred Sargeant:We knew that they were serving drinks out of vats and buckets of water and believed that there had been some disease that had been passed. Stonewall soon became a symbol of resistance to social and political discrimination that would inspire solidarity among homosexual groups for decades. WebStonewall Riots In the early hours of June 28, 1969, a police raid of the Stonewall Inn exploded into a riot when patrons of the LGBT bar resisted arrest and clashed with police. Jerry Hoose:I mean the riot squad was used to riots. It was a down at a heels kind of place, it was a lot of street kids and things like that. I never saw so many gay people dancing in my life. Barbara Gittings and Kay Tobin Lahusen Gay History Papers and Photographs, Manuscripts and Archives Division, The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations Colonial House Tommy Lanigan-Schmidt:As much as I don't like to say it, there's a place for violence. John O'Brien:They went for the head wounds, it wasn't just the back wounds and the leg wounds. Raymond Castro:If that light goes on, you know to stop whatever you're doing, and separate. In the Life And they were lucky that door was closed, they were very lucky. Acceptance and respect from the establishment were no longer being humbly requested but angrily and righteously demanded. Judith Kuchar It's not my cup of tea. Cause I was from the streets. Stonewall: The Riots that Sparked the Gay Revolution And it would take maybe a half hour to clear the place out. And there, we weren't allowed to be alone, the police would raid us still. When police raided the Stonewall Inn, a popular gay bar in the Greenwich Village section of New York City on June 28, 1969, the street erupted into violent protests that lasted for the next six days. We didn't want to come on, you know, wearing fuzzy sweaters and lipstick, you know, and being freaks. Joe DeCola It eats you up inside not being comfortable with yourself. It was nonsense, it was nonsense, it was all the people there, that were reacting and opposing what was occurring. We take great pride in preserving the history of this groundbreaking event in Americas battle for LGBTQ+ equality. It was tremendous freedom. Fred Sargeant Alexandra Meryash Nikolchev, On-Line Editors I didn't think I could have been any prettier than that night. And so there was this drag queen standing on the corner, so they go up and make a sexual offer and they'd get busted. Police raids forced them to disband in 1925, but not before they had published several issues of their newsletter, Friendship and Freedom, the countrys first gay-interest newsletter. Most importantly, this anthology shines a light on forgotten figures who were pivotal in the movement, such as Lee Brewster, head of the Queens Liberation Front and Ernestine Eckstine, one of the few out, African American, lesbian activists in the 1960s. Barak Goodman In 1969, a series of riots over police action against The Stonewall Inn, a gay bar in New York City's Greenwich Village, changed the landscape of homosexual society quite literally overnight. Tommy Lanigan-Schmidt:The Stonewall pulled in everyone from every part of gay life. WGBH Educational Foundation More progressives should keep that in mind these days. David Carter, Author ofStonewall:There was also vigilantism, people were using walkie-talkies to coordinate attacks on gay men. And they were having a meeting at town hall and there were 400 guys who showed up, and I think a couple of women, talking about these riots, 'cause everybody was really energized and upset and angry about it. Lucian Truscott, IV, Reporter,The Village Voice:There were gay bars all over town, not just in Greenwich Village. Is that conceivable? Doric Wilson:Somebody that I knew that was older than me, his family had him sent off where they go up and damage the frontal part of the brain. Tommy Lanigan-Schmidt:What was so good about the Stonewall was that you could dance slow there. The owner of a 1968 Volkswagen showed up at the Sixth Precinct station house with a complaint. David Carter We will continue to publish one item each weekday A Police Department report from the early morning of June 28, 1969, at the start of the Stonewall uprising, is part of a small collection of newly released documents. Getting then in the car, rocking them back and forth. A, B, C, & D) Another cause of the Stonewall Riots was the fact that being gay was illegal. John O'Brien:Whenever you see the cops, you would run away from them. Like most gay bars in New York, it was owned by the Mafia, an organized crime group. '1Cmj`VUJlh**rUPlMmc_J)?lM6}L7@P?|h,hqzFf4'7`Z0FgGfoLv(rVGb`_p!^lxJ*j/;d8RhUUJ\*Rrq'zNphGlXKbQci{:TIFEPu@B?@=f/1)@dB9ldx+=dWR$>{^w(/2II^Q,e,)1;y1,E~cum}4VRQ,;W]mTN1TW mw$$%Zjmd1CyCyu`WU6. John O'Brien:It was definitely dark, it was definitely smelly and raunchy and dirty and that's the only places that we had to meet each other, was in the very dirty, despicable places. But we're going to pay dearly for this. The windows were always cloaked. Participants of the 1969 Greenwich Village uprising describe the effect that Stonewall had on their lives. Mike Nuget Article by a village voice reporter who was at Stonewall. We could lose our memory from the beating, we could be in wheelchairs like some were. In the Civil Rights Movement, we ran from the police; in the peace movement, we ran from the police. All gifts are made through Stanford University and are tax-deductible. Raids were still a fact of life, but usually corrupt cops would tip off Mafia-run bars before they occurred, allowing owners to stash the alcohol (sold without a liquor license) and hide other illegal activities. However, the New York State Liquor Authority penalized and shut down establishments that served alcohol to known or suspected LGBT individuals, arguing that the mere gathering of homosexuals was disorderly.. 12 Test Bank - Gould's Ch. At least if you had press, maybe your head wouldn't get busted. Just let's see if they can. Because as the police moved back, we were conscious, all of us, of the area we were controlling and now we were in control of the area because we were surrounded the bar, we were moving in, they were moving back. . I actually thought, as all of them did, that we were going to be killed. People could take shots at us. Seymour Pine, Deputy Inspector, Morals Division, NYPD:The moment you stepped out that door there would be hundreds facing you. The homosexual, bitterly aware of his rejection, responds by going underground. 4 0 obj Diana Davies Photographs, Manuscripts and Archives Division, The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations Jimmy knew he shouldn't be interested but, well, he was curious. Homosexuals do not want that, you might find some fringe character someplace who says that that's what he wants. With Stonewall, the spirit of 60s rebellion spread to LGBTQ people in New York and beyond, who for the first time found The Stonewall Inn site was declared Narrator (Archival):Note how Albert delicately pats his hair, and adjusts his collar. He is the founder of Mattachine Society of New York. Because to be gay represented to me either very, super effeminate men or older men who hung out in the upper movie theatres on 42nd Street or in the subway T-rooms, who'd be masturbating. The cops would hide behind the walls of the urinals. Seymour Pine, Deputy Inspector, Morals Division, NYPD:They were sexual deviates. Windows started to break. It's the first time I'm fully inside the Stonewall. WebIt provides references for primary documents related to the materials reprinted in The Stonewall Riots; most of the sources come from newspapers, magazines, and << /Length 5 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >> The medical experimentation in Atascadero included administering, to gay people, a drug that simulated the experience of drowning; in other words, a pharmacological example of waterboarding. You know, all of a sudden, I had brothers and sisters, you know, which I didn't have before. These 1969 riots are largely credited with sparking the contemporary LGBTQ+ rights movement. Gay people were told we didn't have any of that. WebThe legacy of the Stonewall riots still makes its impact today. Jerry Hoose:The police would come by two or three times a night. Seymour Pine, Deputy Inspector, Morals Division, NYPD:Well, we did use the small hoses on the fire extinguishers. . The Web site OutHistory.org has obtained police records from the start of the Stonewall One document provides additional detail about the previously known arrest of David Van Ronk, a heterosexual folk singer (who was incorrectly described as an actor) who was accused of assaulting an officer with WebArrest Reports From the 1969 Stonewall Uprising. After two years, police said they had been informed that liquor was being served on the premises. Watch documentary footage of the first Pride march held in New York City on June 28, 1970, Gay and Proud, a documentary by activist Lilli Vincenz: The S.V.A. The reference to these events as riots was initially used by police to justify their use of force. familiar with those individuals to e-mail OutHistory.org. Dr. Socarides (Archival):I think the whole idea of saying "the happy homosexual" is to, uh, to create a mythology about the nature of homosexuality. The crime syndicate saw profit in catering to shunned gay clientele, and by the mid-1960s, the Genovese crime family controlled most Greenwich Village gay bars. For LGBT periodicals, seeLGBT Life with Full Text(EBSCO),Archives of Sexuality and Gender(Gale), and theOutHistorywebsite. As kids, we played King Kong. Fred Sargeant:The effect of the Stonewall riot was to change the direction of the gay movement. Get the latest on new films and digital content, learn about events in your area, and get your weekly fix of American history. Webindividual project on the stonewall riots pcs 309 dr hale Research Paper: eight-ten pages with the following sections (30 points): Introduction Conflict Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew My Library Discovery Institutions Southern New Hampshire University Harvard University Perhaps the man in question was having a bit of fun at the arresting officers expense. Stonewall Inn. Jerry Hoose:The bar itself was a toilet. You know, it's just, everybody was there. You throw into that, that the Stonewall was raided the previous Tuesday night. Slate:Boys Beware(1961) Public Service Announcement. In 1924, the first gay rights organization is founded by Henry Gerber in Chicago. WPA Film Library, Thanks to And it just seemed like, fantastic because the background was this industrial, becoming an industrial ruin, it was a masculine setting, it was a whole world. John O'Brien:And deep down I believed because I was gay and couldn't speak out for my rights, was probably one of the reasons that I was so active in the Civil Rights Movement. It gives back a little of the terror they gave in my life. I was a homosexual. k lmZkvLvcJ?Jcb^*` As the riots progressed, an international gay rights movement was born. I mean does anyone know what that is? Vanessa Ezersky The most infamous of those institutions was Atascadero, in California. They'd go into the bathroom or any place that was private, that they could either feel them, or check them visually. This was in front of the police. Website support provided by Margaret Paz. From theWikimedia Commons. Tommy Lanigan-Schmidt:Those of us that were the street kids we didn't think much about the past or the future. This set uses primary sources to explore the events preceding and surrounding the Stonewall Inn uprising as well as the aftermath of the riots in the gay liberation movement of the 1970s and 1980s. As president of the Mattachine Society in New York, I tried to negotiate with the police and the mayor. First steps to freedom. WebView informativespeechoutline.docx from COMM MISC at Texas State University. And so Howard said, "We've got police press passes upstairs." Finally, Mayor Lindsay listened to us and he announced that there would be no more police entrapment in New York City. And as awful as people might think that sounds, it's the way history has always worked. Ed Koch, Councilman, New York City:Yes, entrapment did exist, particularly in the subway system, in the bathrooms. And she was quite crazy. Seymour Pine, Deputy Inspector, Morals Division, NYPD:We told this to our men. When police raided Stonewall Inn on the morning of June 28, it came as a surprisethe bar wasnt tipped off this time. And all of a sudden, pandemonium broke loose. And then there were all these priests ranting in church about certain places not to go, so you kind of knew where you could go by what you were told not to do. Chris Mara John O'Brien:I knew that the words that were being said to put down people, was about me. John O'Brien:I was very anti-police, had many years already of activism against the forces of law and order. Jerry Hoose:Gay people who had good jobs, who had everything in life to lose, were starting to join in. Calling 'em names, telling 'em how good-looking they were, grabbing their butts. It is usually after the day at the beach that the real crime occurs. Quentin Heilbroner It was as bad as any situation that I had met in during the army, had just as much to worry about.
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