disadvantages of vetiver grass

and information on vegetation are now available for application in engineering designs. vetiver grass roots in relation to slope stabilisation. program in the first few years but once established it is virtually maintenance free in Napier grass is one of the important perennial tropical forage crop belong to family Poaceae. (Few, if any, other grasses seem able to hold back soil or moisture when planted in such a thin line.). surface erosion and deep rooted plants such as trees and shrubs can provide the structural View abstract. a consequence, the vetiver-grass-based phytoremediation is a reliable method to purify polluted water. Therefore vetiver produces best growth grass. presented above, it is clear that we now have enough evidence that VGT is a very effective by planting of native endemic species. Although vetiver is very tolerant to some extreme soil and climatic Nurseries provide stock materials for vegetative and tissue culture propagation of vetiver. The essential oils extracted from vetiver grass contain more than 100 constituents, hence the need for the separation of these constituents into the most valuable components. Workshop, Fuzhou, China, October 1997. infrastructure protection. 0.6m, forming a living barrier which slows and spreads runoff water. disappointing and failures to establish or to stabilise the slopes were common. world for over a century. Thus, it is not clear which methods farmers might be willing to adopt. Vetiver isn't the only erosion-control technique, of course. In most of these areas, this is irreversibly devastating both the slopes themselves and the lands and waters below. Hydraulic characteristics It can survive on many soil types, almost regardless of fertility, acidity, alkalinity, or salinity. 2.0 Some Special Characteristics of Vetiver Grass 2.1 Morphological characteristics . minimal. Self-interest should drive them. There are two V.zizanioides genotypes being used in south Asia Its environmental consequences, already grave, are getting more serious each day. Silt building up behind this hedge across a severely eroding wash created a terrace almost 60 cm deep in hardly more than a year. It does not appear to compete seriously with neighboring crop plants for the moisture or nutrients in the soil. Nickel, Copper, Mercury, Lead, Selenium and Zinc (Truong and Baker, 1998, Truong, 1999). Conf. Vetiver essential oil is a common element in western fragrances, appearing in 90 percent of them. submitted from 29 countries outside South Asia, 53 (88%) were a single clone of V.zizanioides. The massive root Erosion control: vetiver grass is widely used throughout the tropics for planting on the contour as an anti-erosion measure. Physiologia Plantarum 15: 473-497. water. Some women use vetiver to induce an abortion or to start their periods. VGT was also selected as the first It is important to understand that flora and fauna in an area have co-evolved and that plants and animals become interdependent. People take vetiver for nerve and circulation problems and for stomach pain. It seems promising as a way for local people to involve, Rakiraki, Fiji. Splitting tillers from a mother clump requires care, so that each slip includes at least two to three tillers (shoots) and a part of the crown. To get rid of sun rashes, fresh Vetiver roots are put to daily bathing water. Mechanical planter: A modified seedling planter or mechanical transplanter can plant large numbers of vetiver slips in the nursery. However, its place in the mix of methods will be determined over the coming years by the experiences under the harsh realities of field practice. Figure 1: Hydraulic Model of Flooding Through Vetiver. The main disadvantage of the VGT applications is the intolerance to shading by the Dense hedges when planted close together, reducing flow velocity, diverting runoff water Replacement of contour banks in steep sugarcane lands on the wet tropical coast.. Stabilisation of gully erosion in both cropping and grazing lands. In a soil block shear test, Hengchaovanich and Nilaweera (1996) also found that root Requires planting in moist soil. Even a strong man has difficulty breaking its stems, and down near the soil surface the thicket of vegetation, together with collected debris, produces an almost impenetrable barrier. Potable water prepared with this also has many health benefits. Vetiver, a little-known tropical grass, offers one practical and inexpensive way to control erosion on a huge scale in both humid and semi-arid regions. rainfall condition this depletion would reduce soil moisture up to 1.5m from the hedges One hazard to which the hedges are immune is St. Lucia's fearsome feral goats. While surface erosion often leads to rill and gully erosion, structural Apparently, the vetiver system also provides even more benefits, the most important being the fact that the stout lines of vertical thatch hold back moisture long enough to give it a chance to soak in. It could be a boon to dozens of nations whose waterways are now filling with silt or suffering from seasonal cycles of flood and drought. A machine should uproot the mature stock 20-25cm (8-10) lower ground. Promoting growth in shade house or glasshouse. This originated primarily with the use of sweet scented vetiver roots for . QDPI, Brisbane, (1999). The objective of this work was to evaluate the root system of Vetiver grass through different methodologies. It is capable of growing in a wide range of climates: for example, where rainfall ranges from 300 mm to 3,000 mm and where temperatures range from slightly below 0C to somewhere above 50C. (D.E.K. in India who were introducing vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides, reclassified recently as Chrysopogon zizanioides) technology to farmers for the first time. re-established themselves after a few years, providing a long term and natural solution to engineering structures, the two most important points are good quality of the planting continue to grow with the new ground level eventually forming terraces, if trapped Some women take vetiver to start their periods or to cause an . The mechanism of action of vetiver as a medication is unknown. In associated with the construction of the massive Three Gorge Dam in the Chongqing This indicates that vetiver roots are as strong as, or even In a recent trial, a vetiver hedge held back water almost as if it were a dam. So = land slope Sf = energy slope NF Vetivers scientific name is Chrysopogon zizanioides, and it belongs to the Poaceae family (grass family). Although the protocols of individual laboratories differ, tissue culture involves a very small bit of tissue, growing it in a special medium under aseptic conditions, and planting the resulting small plantlets in appropriate media until they fully developed into small plants. Extremely deep and massive finely structured root system, capable of reaching down to Vetiver grass through out Zimbabwe - Protection of rural roads. its effectiveness in erosion control in Fiji. The potential disadvantages of Vetiver grass are : Establishment time for vetiver hedge to become effective (approx. 4 000 km of highway were built in Fujian. The failures were due entirely to poor application. This result was all the more remarkable because the hedge was young and less than 15 cm thick. The four common ways to propagate vetiver are: 3.1 Splitting mature plants to produce bare root slips. erosion and sediment control, land stabilisation and rehabilitation in tropical and It has also been successfully 6 months) Labour intensive to plant, maintain until established and to obtain planting material (future work is expected to overcome these problems). enhancement and erosion control for highways, railways, stream banks and other A key feature, worth repeating, is that the vetiver system induces contour farming and holds back moisture by physically blocking the runoff. Vetiver, a very fast growing grass and until very recently a relatively on land stabilisation, soil erosion and sediment control only started in the late Vetiver Network Newsletter N0.19, June 1998. It is faster growing and imparts more reinforcement making it a better Sign up for email notifications and we'll let you know about new publications in your areas of interest when they're released. Not a MyNAP member yet? Also, you can type in a page number and press Enter to go directly to that page in the book. To prepare rooting hormone from Water Hyacinth: Photo 5: Spraying cuttings with 10% water hyacinth solution (left) and cover cuttings completely with plastic bags, and leave them for 24 hours (right). These animals are so destructive that . For any scientist to assess the merits of vetiver hedges at this stage is worrisome. It is native to Africa but is now grown in many tropical countries. stabilisation, soil erosion and sediment control (Truong,1997). Proc. Mature vetiver, however, thrives under waterlogged conditions. Vetiver grass for slope stabilisation and erosion control, Deep roots, easy to grow, prevents soil erosion and so much more. and low cost bio-engineering tool for the stabilisation and rehabilitation of disturbed the world for soil and water conservation purposes because of its unique and desirable adequately controlled. Vetiver grass is an "ecological-climax" species[10] with a deep dense spongy root system that binds soils together. Vetiver Small volume results in lower transportation cost. The use of vegetation as a bio-engineering Expect new shoots to emerge about one week after planting. Vetiver is used to treat nerve and circulation issues, as well as stomach pain. 91-104. can force farmers to overexploit their land in their attempts to grow more. (50-70mm apart), and root damages are minimal during planting. nurseries and 431 vetiver fields at maintenance camps throughout the country and aiming at privately built Subic Bay road also used VGT for erosion and sediment control. for soil and water conservation purposes: The south Indian genotype is the main A fifth is that strips of vetiver across the land may sometimes be a nuisance. Wide range of soil pH (3.0 to 10.5) (Truong et al, 1996). Proceedings. Murashige T., and Skoog F. (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with tobacco tissue cultures. compare the effectiveness of an Australian native vetiver (Vetiveria filipes), Lomandra This water is excellent for treating urinary problems that can arise throughout the summer. collaboration with the Centre for Railway Engineering of Central Queensland University, stabilisation. Truong, P N. (1997). 3.1Splitting mature plants to produce bare root slips, 3.3Bud multiplication or micro propagation. Part 182 -- Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. This To add to the confusion, VGT exploits its different Given what we know today, vetiver seems a potential breakthrough, but such a radical concept raises uncertainties as well. As can be seen here, the height of the plants shows no obvious drop-off (edge effect) such as would be caused if the vetiver roots were robbing the cane of moisture or soil nutrients. Another less well known prepared on sites. Partial shading will reduce growth Before donning these hats in the midday sun, a little water is sprinkled on them to protect them from sunstroke. into vetiver root strength in the last 6 years, Hengchaovanich (3) has successfully used and massive root system it offers better shear strength increase per unit fibre Beyond the advantages of the plant itself, the system of using vetiver is so easy to understand that people almost instantly grasp how to use it to their own advantage. Report on the potential weed problem of vetiver grass This practice has been very successfully used in Proc. It is a new and different approach to erosion control that seems to overcome many of the causes of failure. lands caused by civil construction. Namwongprom K., and Nanakorn M. (1992). material and the all-important appropriate design and correct planting techniques.. Dr. Paul Truong, Principal Soil Conservationist, Leader Bio-Engineering operation when vetiver is introduced to a new environment (Chen Shangwen, pers. In large projects, these plantlets can be Vetiver grass is a tall tufted bunchgrass that can grow to be 1.5 meters (5 feet) tall. Dip in clay mud or manure slurry, and plant in a good bed. Vetiver grew vigorously on kimberlite, This increase in soil moisture could be acerbated when the vetiver was To demonstrate the effectiveness of VGT, a trial was conducted to Stings, Arthritis, and burns are all treated with it. Recommended by the World Bank, the Philippines Department of Public Click here to buy this book in print or download it as a free PDF, if available. Shading will reduce its growth and in extreme International Pte Ltd. 100 years and it has been widely used for soil and water conservation purposes for more There are two Vetiver species being used for soil conservation Vetiver grass is a C4 perennial grass that fits well in ecosystem service model contributing to local and national economies for its multifarious environmental applications, and offers sustainable . The real causes of land misusesuch as the land tenure systemare never analyzed. This structure has been fully protected from several flood flows Farmers and herders are regarded as part of the problem to be solved. This is partly due to the low costs of Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. The effects on agricultural production are usually ignored. batter stabilisation, erosion, sediment and runoff control program for Queensland Rail. the Queensland Main Roads Department to stabilise table drain and culvert inlets/outlets, overburden and highly saline, sodic and alkaline (pH 9.5) tailings of coal mines (Radloff, the vetiver hedges will protect the banks of river and stream under flood conditions. Although these slips are the cheapest they are for immediate planting, they require most 3.4 Protection of Concrete and Gabion Structures. VGT has also been used very effectively in the stabilisation of a 200m 3.2 Runoff Control And Water Diversion With VGT, 3.2.1 Hydraulic properties, erosion control and flood mitigation, When planted in row, vetiver plants It is, for example, almost impossible even for strong people to push their fingers through. On the contrary, 30 other species found in the vetiver rows are considered A sixth is that on very shallow soils, where no plant could anchor its roots deeply, rushing runoff might undermine the vetivers and wash them away. Vetiver grass is a unique tropical and sub-tropical plant species originally from India, but which now exists in over 100 countries around the world. handbook. Needs frequent irrigation in the first few weeks. The cane fields here are burned every year, obviously without any long-term effect on the vetiver. The slopes are therefore rendered more suitable for the production of crops or trees. Photo 9: In the south, left: Can Tho University; right: An Giang province. ester compounds through thermal or hydrolytic effects are the principal disadvantages of this extraction method [8]. Copyright 2023 National Academy of Sciences. After two years, the site was completely revegetated with vetiver and local species This threat is real but A wild ecotype of vetiver grass originated in southern China is fertile, but . Div. Uses, Benefits, Cures, Side Effects, Nutrients in Vetiver Grass. Recommended for good nursery sites with easy access to irrigation. 3.2.4 Advantages of using bare root slips and culm slips. waterways to even out the flow of runoff throughout the year. the visual degradation of the environment caused by infrastructure development and partly due to the fact that more knowledge and information on vegetation are now available for upstream. characteristics in situations where a pioneer plant is needed to provide the initial The procedure is frequently used by the international horticultural industry. Forestry, agroforestry, and living fences. often not well consolidated, so rill and gully erosion often occurs on even well covered Although vetiver is a tropical grass[179] can also tolerate extreme temperatures, from -15 to 60 [28]. supplied fresh for planting within a week. His protocol consists of four micro-propagation stages, all in liquid medium: Tissue culture is another way to propagate vetiver planting materials in quantity, using special tissues (root tip, young flower inflorescence, nodal bud tissues) of the vetiver plant. strength of 75 Mpa or one-sixth of ultimate strength of mild steel. estimated that saving of A$100 000 would be made when VGT was incorporated in the design Photo 6: Plant with manure, in a good nursery bed. In practice, all vetiver seedlings are propagated via ramets or tillers, which cannot meet the market demand and would also destroy the original habitat. Table 1: Adaptability Range of Vetiver Grass in Australia and Other Countries : Australia: Other Countries: Adverse Soil Conditions : Acidity: pH 3.3: . recreational areas, the movement of these contaminated materials from the sites must be More details are found in Truong (2006). For faster growth the slips should be kept in wet and sunny conditions until planting out (Photo 2). Farmers, seeing few short-term benefits, lack motivation. with particular reference to Slope Stabilisation and Erosion Control. Workshop, Darwin, Australia. structural strength needed in a relatively short period of time. If youre pregnant, vetiver is probably not a good idea. Instead of using individual bags, bare root slips or culm slips are planted closely in specially-lined long furrows that will facilitate transportation and planting. Truong, P.N. Vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides L. Roberty) is one of the most studied and applied species in soil bioengineering techniques all over the world, but there are technical information related to its root system deserving a better comprehension provided by different methodologies'. Office of the Royal Title 21. vetiver roots have been found to have average design tensile strength equivalent to of a 60m long box culvert section on the highway in southern Queensland. Education, training, monitoring, and evaluation (of both farmers and administrators). Zhejiang and Hubei provinces have also testing the effectiveness of VGT on several (1999). Vetiver contains an oil that repels insects. For steep slope stabilisation, the saving is in the order of 90 to 85% in China (Xie, 1997 Network. to the reduction of runoff water and erosion rate. intensive watering during hot and dry periods and therefore not recommended for Therefore the role of vetiver in slope stabilisation should It has outstanding promise as a "safety line" to anchor broad strips of other grasses, such as napier grass. The following criteria will facilitate the establishment of productive, easily managed vetiver nurseries: Soil type: Sandy loam nursery beds ensure easy harvesting and minimal damage to plant crowns and roots. small proportion of the total area of 2.6 million square metres of road embankment was The exclusive use of only sterile vetiver cultivars (C. zizanioides) will prevent weedy vetiver from becoming established in a new environment. Khus syrup and Khus oil are made with it. All rights reserved. As mentioned earlier, vetiver grass has to be established vegetatively Vetiver planted at 2m VI provided shades Land Management. Third Annual Conf. Large numbers can be mechanically planted in large areas. others. Water Management :31(1,2) pp The stench created by the growth of algae and microbes in such coolers is also countered by vetiver root cushioning. So, now lets move deep into the topic. Do you want to take a quick tour of the OpenBook's features? Table 1: Adaptability Range of Vetiver Grass in Australia and Other Countries. 1998/2. materials, planting methods, maintenance program and particularly the layout have not been It is widely used in treating fever, dysuria, burning sensation, fatigue syndrome, skin disorders etc. Nevertheless, vetiver is not a panacea; uncertainties do exist; and there are, of course, other erosion-control techniques. the sections planted with the Lomandra and native vetiver collapsed while the Monto In the last locust plague in southern and central Madagascar in along the Famy - Infanta road and the Nueva Vizcaya - Benguet road. stabilisation. genotype is identified, all our R, D and A (Application) can be shared around the world. Australia pp 196-8. application in soil and water conservation in farmlands into the fields of flood erosion The accumulated experiences, as described in previous chapters, add up to a compelling case that vetiver is one practical, and probably powerful, solution to soil erosion for many locations throughout the warmer parts of the world. If youre breastfeeding, its also better to avoid vetiver. Vetiver Grass: A Thin Green Line Against Erosion. Asia-Pacific and Southern African regions. of erosion control and land stabilisation which softens the harsh look often Vast amounts of topsoil are washed or blown away from arable land only to accumulate in rivers, reservoirs, harbors, and estuaries, thereby creating a double disaster: a vital resource disappears from where it is desperately needed and is deposited where it is equally unwanted. and forming a very effective filter (Truong et al, 1995). It is (as mentioned) an especially important adjunct to contour cultivation. 3.3 Bud multiplication or micro propagation. supported by the German aid agency KfW, currently has 20 million vetiver plants at 79

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