Inside Britain, the Movement for the Care of Children from Germany coordinated many of the rescue efforts. These children found work in agriculture and domestic service or joined the Pioneer Corps and other Auxiliary Services. Kindertransport The Arrival, Liverpool Street station, London, Zge ins Leben Zge in den Tod: 19381939 - Trains to Life Trains to Death, Friedrichstrae station, Berlin, Die Abreise - The departure in front of Gdask Gwny station, Kindertransport Monument Hoek van Holland Channel Crossing to Life, Hook of Holland, Kindertransport Der letzte Abschied - The final parting, Hamburg Dammtor station, Harwich memorial Safe Haven by Ian Wolter, A number of members of Habonim, a Jewish youth movement inclined to socialism and Zionism, were instrumental in running the country hostels of South West England. He warned the British government, through Lord Samuel, of the impending Kristallnacht in November 1938. No limit upon the permitted number of refugees was ever publicly announced. The British Cabinet debated the issue the next day and subsequently prepared a bill to present to Parliament. Speaking on behalf of the Reichsvertretung (the German Jewish communal organisation) and the Hilfsverein (the self-help body), he urged a plan of rescue on the Foreign Office and helped British Quakers to visit Jewish communities all over Germany to prove to the British government that Jewish parents were indeed prepared to part with their children. (Modern World), The Nazi Regime. unique insight into the experience of the Kinder from their arrival, Mailing list for the Kindertransport Association (KTA) contains nearly 100 addresses and names of individuals who have been part of the Kindertransports. Is there an online site where all Prussian and German Census can be found? New York: Devora, 2008. Tel: 0208.736.1265. . The train made its way through Holland, with several stops along the way in Oldenzaal and Rotterdam. The primary trauma experienced by children in the Kindertransport was the separation from their parents. This film shows the Kindertransport in very personal terms by presenting the actual stories through in-depth interviews with several individual kinder, rescuers Norbert Wollheim and Nicholas Winton, a foster mother who took in a child, and a mother who lived to be reunited with daughter Lore Segal. The Kitchener Camp online exhibition - Has a list of names of the Jewish men and boys who passed through Kitchener Camp. In September 2022 a bronze memorial entitled Safe Haven was unveiled on Harwich Quay by Dame Stephanie Shirley, a former Kindertransport child. That night, the Dundee Evening Telegraph reported, Two hundred boy and girls arrived at Harwich today. Would you ever say "eat pig" instead of "eat pork"? My phone's touchscreen is damaged. Unit F964 Option B Within months of Adolf Hitler's rise to power in Germany in 1933, tens of thousands of Jews left the country. rev2023.4.21.43403. Britain, Registers of licences to pass beyond the seas, 1573-1677, Great Western Railway Shareholders 1835-1932, Archive reference to be used when browsing the Kindertransport records. Can I use my Coinbase address to receive bitcoin? Unaccompanied by parents, these children were hosted by English families This affected older child refugees who had reached the age of sixteen before 1940. Find topics of interest and explore encyclopedia content related to those topics, Find articles, photos, maps, films, and more listed alphabetically, Recommended resources and topics if you have limited time to teach about the Holocaust, Explore the ID Cards to learn more about personal experiences during the Holocaust. To explore the records further we have created an additional option: Kindertransport Browse to enable you to read through all the historical documents from start to finish. My Knees Were Jumping: Remembering the Kindertransports (1996; released theatrically in 1998), narrated by Joanne Woodward. This is not a complete list of all A collection of personal accounts can be found at the website of the. Ancestry.com. The Kinder continued to be monitored during the war years, with information on their financial maintenance and religious upbringing being recorded centrally. Jewish organizations inside the Greater German Reich planned the transports to Great Britain. From December 1938 until May 1940, the Kindertransport efforts brought about 10,000 children to safety in Great Britain. It examines the life, during the war and afterwards, of a Kindertransport child. View the list of all donors. TTY: 202.488.0406. We understand that the document was prepared by W. H. Loewinsohn (who later changed his name to Friedl Low), Assistant Secretary to Nicky in London. While most transports went via train, some also went by boat,[32] and others aeroplane. These members of Habonim were held back from going to live on kibbutz by the war. This list may not be complete. It was narrated by Richard Attenborough, directed by Sue Read, and produced by Jim Goulding. Never look back: the Jewish refugee children in Great Britain 1938-1945, Childrens exodus: a history of the Kindertransport, government documents relating to the Kindertransport. Its helped me understand the issues. [citation needed]. Click the DONE button to enter selected term to the search box. Many organisations and individuals assisted in settling the children in the UK, such as youth organisations, the Society of Friends (Quakers) and many Jewish and non-Jewish organisations. Agencies were flooded with requests from children seeking to find their parents, or any surviving member of their family. "80th Anniversary of Kindertransport Marked with Compensation Payment to Survivors", "British Quakers and the rescue of Jewish refugees", "Jews saved by U.K. stockbroker to reenact 1939 journey to safety", "Kindertransport statue to mark WWII refugees' arrival in Harwich", "Nicholas Winton, the Schindler of Britain", "Troublesome Sainthood: Nicholas Winton and the Contested History of Child Rescue in Prague, 1938-1940", The Abandonment of the Jews: America and the Holocaust 19411945, "Lily Renee, Escape Artist: From Holocaust Survivor to Comic Book Pioneer", "Tovah Feldshuh is very becoming in 'Becoming Dr. Ruth', "Sex therapist, researcher Dr. Ruth given honorary doctorate by BGU; Born in Germany into a religious Jewish household in 1928, Dr. Ruth Westheimer was sent to Switzerland on the Kindertransport at age 10. A number of children saved by the Kindertransports went on to become prominent figures in public life, with two (Walter Kohn, Arno Penzias) becoming Nobel Prize winners. He also saved large numbers of Jews with South American protection papers. As the Netherlands was under attack by German forces from 10 May and bombing had been going on, there was no opportunity to confer with the parents of the children. Letters regarding the entry of refugee children into the UK. Children without sponsors were housed in a summer camp in Dovercourt Bay and in other facilities until individual families agreed to care for them or until hostels could be organized to care for larger groups of children. We recommend these volumes, which are available in the Reading Room, if you are searching for answers to the following queries: Never look back: the Jewish refugee children in Great Britain 1938-1945 by Judy T. Baumel-Schwartz, Childrens exodus: a history of the Kindertransport by Vera K. Fast. New York: Devora, 2008. December 2, 1938. Other ports in England receiving the children included Dover.[23][24]. Website: Survivors Registry copy obtained ca. The records may reveal when and where your ancestor arrived in Britain. These documents can be used to support any of the exam board specifications covering, for example: AQA GCE History A Many of the children who had arrived in earlier years were now young men, and so they were also interned. The image is a digitised copy of the original record from The National Archives. The first group of Kinder arrived 2 December 1938. She points out that countries such as Britain and the United States did much to prevent immigration by turning desperate people away; at the vian Conference in 1938, participant nations failed to reach agreement about accepting Jewish refugees who were fleeing Nazi Germany.[74]. Tikz: Numbering vertices of regular a-sided Polygon, There exists an element in a group whose order is at most the number of conjugacy classes. The scanned material is a thorough representation of the central government files, which were transferred to The National Archives relating to Kindertransport. THIS LIST IS IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE SECTION'S RECORDS OF 15th FEBRUARY, 1940. Prior to the bill the childrens parents were considered the legal guardians but unfortunately for many, their parents outcome was unknown or they did not survive. On 1 September 2009, a special Winton train set off from the Prague Main railway station. In the wake of antisemitic violence coordinated by the Nazi regime in Germany in November 1938, the British government allowed unaccompanied minors under the age of 17 from the German Reich (including recently annexed territories) to enter Great Britain as refugees. Survivors Registry Collection [photocopy]: Document File AC0013, Former Q&A Name Lists Database File Number-- AC0013, The Holocaust Survivors and Victims Resource Center, Holocaust Survivors and Victims Resource Center. The most comprehensive list of the Kinder available has been created by the Association of Jewish Refugees. 2021 The Wiener Holocaust Library. This led to evacuations of British children on passenger liners under the Children's Overseas Reception Board and the United States Committee for the Care of European Children to be protected by convoys. Instead, they appear to have been transcribed or written by JCIO staff based on face-to-face interviews or telephone conversations. This collection was indexed by World Memory Project contributors from the digitized holdings of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, RG-59.075: Selected records relating to Kindertransport from the National Archives, UK. UK, Selected Records Relating to Kindertransport, 1938-1939 (USHMM) [database on-line]. Jewish refugee children, part of a Children's Transport (Kindertransport) from Germany, upon arrival in Harwich. Can you still use Commanders Strike if the only attack available to forego is an attack against an ally? Kindertransports (Rescue operations) --Great Britain. Having to learn a new language, in a country where the child's native German or Czech was not understood, was another cause of stress. Depending on the child's age, the explanation for why they were leaving the country and their parents differed widely: for example, children might be told "you are going on an exciting adventure", or "you are going on a short trip and we will see you soon". Thanks for cotngibunitr. The name Kristallnacht literally means Night of Crystal in German and owes its name to the shards of broken glass from the windows of Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues that littered the streets as a result of the destruction and looting throughout the pogrom. Unlike later testimony collections held at the Wiener Library and other institutions, nothing remains to document the JCIOs process for gathering these valuable early testimonies. About 1,000 German and Austrian prior-kinder who reached adulthood went on to serve in the British armed forces, including in combat units. relating to the Kindertransport operation, dating from 1939 to 1945, While their priorities are to assist survivors and families, they have many requests to fulfill, and they ask you to please have patience, and expect responses within 1-3 months. Not all research can be done online, some requires going in person to archives, museums, town halls or schools. The name and location of the orphanage from which they came; The first name or nickname of the sender(s) The relationship between the sender(s) and the recipients(s) Works Cited. Their departure was organised by Geertruida Wijsmuller-Meijer, the Dutch organiser of the first transport from Vienna in December 1938. It was understood at the time that when the crisis was over, the children would return to their families. Please follow the links for full collection descriptions in the EHRI Portal and Wiener Library Collections Catalogue, as well as the original text andtranslation of the document: Wiener Library catalogue description: Eyewitness reports regarding the November Pogrom, Full text and translation can be found on the Wiener Librarys digital resource: Pogrom November 1938: Testimonies from Kristallnacht. Concerns over religious upbringing. Do you think the order in which the letters is presented affects your reading of them. relied on charitable donations alone as it had been previously agreed with the Home Secretary that no refugee child would become a burden on state finances. This event is known as Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass). Each record includes an image and a transcript. The children arrived from December 1938 to September 1939. Home Office (HO) Correspondence about the refugee childrens education and traineeships. We hope that students will be able to develop their powers of evaluation and analysis and support their course work by using these documents. A2 Unit F965: Historical Interpretations and Investigations, Nazi Germany 1933-45, OCR GCSE History B However, that emigration . [Hicksville, NY : Kindertransport Association]. [55], Nearly all the interned 'friendly enemy aliens' were refugees who had fled Hitler and Nazism, and nearly all were Jewish. Washington, DC 20024-2126 [53], In June 1940, Winston Churchill, the British Prime Minister, ordered the internment of all male 16-to 70-year-old refugees from enemy countries so-called 'friendly enemy aliens' (an incongruous term). We place some essential cookies on your device to make this website work. All rights reserved. Unit F7: From Second Reich to Third Reich, Edexcel GCSE History B This is to provide you with an overall context of the document and to help you understand why your ancestors name is listed. Into the Arms of Strangers: Stories of the Kindertransport (2000, Bloomsbury Publishing), by Mark Jonathan Harris and Deborah Oppenheimer, with a preface by Lord Richard Attenborough and historical introduction by David Cesarani. The priorities of the R.C.M. Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 2001. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. This collection appears to be co-extensive with those held by the National Archives but this may provide another way for you to access them. Archives, Open Government Licence Yesterday, online records related to the Kindertransport children became available through FindMyPast: This is a fascinating collection of digitised government documents relating to the Kindertransport operation, dating from 1939 to 1945, held by The National Archives. The Central British Fund for German Jewry provided funding for the rescue operation. This list contains the names of the children who were able to flee abroad, mainly to England, on a Kindertransport in 1938 and 1939. (Hansard, 21 November 1938)", "RACIAL, RELIGIOUS AND POLITICAL MINORITIES. Re-emigration became uncertain. Thus they were treated as enemy aliensin this context meaning citizens of a country with whom England was at war and who were currently residing on English soil. Once the children were identified or grouped by list, their guardians or parents were issued a travel date and departure details. The train left Berlin on 1 December 1938, and arrived in Harwich on 2 December with 196 children. Furthermore, it is documented that the State Department deliberately made it very difficult for any Jewish refugee to get an entrance visa. The first Kindertransport arrived in Harwich, Great Britain, on December 2, 1938. As a result of Nazi persecution, there was a rise in the number of Jews wanting to emigrate as circumstances for Jews in Germany and its annexed countries changed. This rescue movement became known as the Kindertransport. This first group of children was made up primarily of children from a Jewish orphanage in Berlin that was destroyed during the November Pogrom, but also included several boys who were old enough to be threatened with internment if they stayed, children of parents who were held in concentration camps, and children with only one parent (Fast 34). A beacon of hope. These rescue efforts brought thousands of refugee children, the vast majority of them Jewish, to Great Britain from Nazi Germany. Holocaust survivors --Registers. Others discovered that their parents had not survived the war. British authorities agreed to allow an unspecified number of unaccompanied minors under the age of 17 to enter Great Britain from Germany and German-annexed territories (that is, Austria and the Czech lands). Nor did they probe too carefully into the motives and character of the families: it was sufficient for the houses to look clean and the families to seem respectable. Neither the German nor the English governments have ever released Encyclopedia.ushmm.org. Highlights include: Additionally, The Wiener Holocaust Library holds a large collection of books focused on the Kindertransport. Attenborough's parents were among those who responded to the appeal for families to foster the refugee children; they took in two girls. Most of them would never again see their parents, who were murdered during the Holocaust. At the train's departure, Sir Nicholas Winton's statue was unveiled at the railway station. Before leaving their parents, children were dressed in their best and were allowed to pack one piece of hand luggage and a suitcase. Below is a list of the different types of government records available within the collection. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. The ultimate goal was to reunite the children with their families after the war, but after the devastation in Europe and the Holocaust this was only rarely possible. Kindertransport was the informal name for this rescue operation, where Jews, Quakers and Christians of many denominations worked together. A companion book with the same title expands upon the film. Records of families can often be found in the records of the town halls in the city of origin. The Nazis had decreed that the evacuations must not block ports in Germany, so most transport parties went by train to the Netherlands; then to a British port, generally Harwich, by ferry from the Hook of Holland near Rotterdam. [56], In 1939 Senator Robert F. Wagner and Rep. Edith Rogers proposed the Wagner-Rogers Bill in the United States Congress. Children from smaller towns and villages traveled from their homes to these collection points in order to join the transports. Guardianship of refugee children. Jewish organizations within the Greater German Reich (which in 1938 included Germany, Austria, and the Sudetenland) planned the transports. The R.C.M. [citation needed] Reports of this trauma is often presented in very personal terms, with trauma varying based on the child's experiences, including their age at separation from their parents, their experience during the wartime, and their experience after the war. Guske, Iris. It includes a part that discusses the initiation and launching of the Kindertransport, in which Wilfrid Israel played a significant part. Sussex, England: Book Guild, 1990. Q Please use the search function for your research (right above the table). It is also important to note that additional errors may have been introduced during the translation process, reminding us how important it is to retain and make accessible the transcription of the text. London: Vallentine Mitchell, 2001. In 1938 conditions for the Jewish community in Europe were rapidly deteriorating through intimidation, segregation and violence. Children chosen for a Kindertransport convoy traveled by train to ports in Belgium and the Netherlands. UK passenger lists do not generally record travel within Europe: see TNA. Rather than being a personal narrative, it consists of a series of transcribed letters written by children while in transit on the first Kindertransport on 1 December 1938. Many organizations and individuals participated in the rescue operation. [29] This payment, although a token amount, represented an explicit recognition and acceptance of the immense damage that had been done to each child, both psychological and material. However, after the British Colonial Office turned down the Jewish agencies' separate request to allow the admission of 10,000 children to British-controlled Mandatory Palestine, the Jewish agencies then increased their planned target number to 15,000 unaccompanied children to enter Great Britain in this way. What were the resettlement options (holiday summer camps, hostels, and foster homes)? Reports of the rates of maintenance paid by the government for children boarded out with schools, families, lodgings or other institutions. From December 1938 through September 1939, about 10,000 Jewish The Kindertransport Association is a national American not-for-profit organisation whose goal is to unite these child Holocaust refugees and their descendants. The medical condition of refugee children from Germany. Seven men and women from very different countries and backgrounds tell the stories, of the days before and when they boarded the Kindertransport trains in Germany. [26] This was a rescue action, as occupation of the Netherlands was imminent, with the country capitulating the next day. Over 90 people lost their lives and over 25,000 men were arrested, deported, and detained in the concentration camps at Buchenwald, Dachau and Sachsenhausen. It was produced by Deborah Oppenheimer, daughter of a Kindertransport child,[70] and written and directed by three-time Oscar winner Mark Jonathan Harris. The Kindertransport (German for "children's transport") was an organised rescue effort of children (but not their parents) from Nazi-controlled territory that took place in 1938-1939 during the nine months prior to the outbreak of the Second World War. As a result of the issues outlined, there is very little in terms of identifiable information in the document above. London : Association of Jewish Refugees in Great Britain ; Reunion of Kindertransport Kindertransport]. Through a British agent, Frank Foley, passport officer at the Berlin consulate, he kept British intelligence informed of Nazi activities. As a result of Nazi persecution, there was a rise in the number of Jews wanting to emigrate as circumstances for Jews in Germany and its annexed countries changed. Almost 10,000 children were transported to the UK through this program. Many transcripts will include a combination of the following information: We highly recommend viewing the record images in order to get the most out of this collection. The Yad Vashem Archives Are an invaluable resource in Holocaust family history research. 1997 from Ms. Suzy Goldstein of the USHMM Collections Department. The Kindertransport was a British scheme to rescue nearly 10,000 predominantly Jewish children from Nazi occupied territories. Yes it might be safe now but some people are very Private, Plus the ones that transcribe often change words etc to what they think these people were trying to say. Similar reports are coming in from all over the provinces and further synagogues have been burnt in Munich and Bamberg (FO 371/21696). In February and August 1939, trains from Poland were arranged. In the United Kingdom, the Association of Jewish Refugees houses a special interest group called the Kindertransport Organisation.[66]. London: I.B. As a result of the pogrom, the British government agreed to allow an unspecified number of unaccompanied children between the ages of 2 and 17 to come to the UK in a rescue movement that became known as the Kindertransport (Childrens Transport). Particular thanks to Nolan Altman, coordinator of Holocaust files. The figures are also engraved with quotes of four of the refugees describing their first experience of the UK. 100 Raoul Wallenberg Place, SW An example is the 1,000 Chateau de La Hille children who went to Belgium. Dispatches from the Embassy in Rome regarding the position of Jews in Italy. Kindertransport was a British scheme to rescue Jewish children from Nazi occupied regions in Europe. London: I.B. When Churchill's internment policy became known, there was a debate in Parliament. had run out of funds. Box 187 Scarsdale, NY 10593). [51], Wilfrid Israel (18991943) was a key figure in the rescue of Jews from Germany and occupied Europe. In that debate of 21 November 1938, Hoare paid particular attention to the plight of children. A total of 669 children were evacuated from Czechoslovakia to Britain in 1939 through the work of Chadwick, Warriner, Beatrice Wellington, Quaker volunteers, and others who worked in Czechoslovakia while Winton was in Britain. Most transports left by train from Berlin, Vienna, Prague, and other major cities in central Europe. The British Jewish community and the Quakers advocated for rescuing vulnerable children and bringing them to Britain. [21] In Sweden, the Jewish Community of Stockholm negotiated with the government for an exception to the country's restrictive policy on Jewish refugees for a number of children.
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