The judgment below is reversed, p. 642. But at the very least, the state will not be depriving appellant of the opportunity to secure acceptance by his fellow students on his own merits. There is a vast differencea Constitutional differencebetween restrictions imposed by the state which prohibit the intellectual commingling of students, and the refusal of individuals to commingle where the state presents no such bar. (a) The restrictions imposed upon appellant impair and inhibit his ability to study, to engage in discussions and exchange views with other students, and, in general, to learn his profession. As a result, much of the South adopted "separate but equal" policies that governed daily life. 1149], the Court, in requiring that a Negro admitted to a white graduate school be treated like all other students, again resorted to intangible considerations: his ability to study, to engage in discussions and exchange views with other students, and, in general, to learn his profession. Since McLauren did not have access to this aspect of his education, he was being denied an equal education to that of his peers. Case Summary of Sweatt v. Painter: An African-American law school applicant was denied admission into the University of Texas Law School solely because of his race. Accordingly, the high court reversed the decision of the U.S. District Court, requiring the University of Oklahoma to remove the restrictions under which McLaurin was attending the institution. 87 F. Supp. (1950) McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents. Mark Tushnet, Making Civil Rights Law: Thurgood Marshall and the Supreme Court, 19361961 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994). Such restrictions impair and inhibit his ability to study, to engage in discussions and exchange views with other students, and, in general, to learn his profession. No part of this site may be construed as in the public domain. McLaurin uses the same classroom, library and cafeteria as students of other races; there is no indication that the seats to which he is assigned in these rooms have any disadvantage of location. - Biography, Facts, Quotes & Accomplishments, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. We hold that under these circumstances the Fourteenth Amendment precludes differences in treatment by the state based upon race. Ablack citizen of Oklahoma possessing a master's degree was admitted to the Graduate School of the state-supported University of Oklahoma as a candidate for a doctorate in education and was permitted to use the same classroom, library and cafeteria as white students. He may wait in line in the cafeteria and there stand and talk with his fellow students, but while he eats he must remain apart. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Those who will come under his guidance and influence must be directly affected by the education he receives. 851, 94 L.Ed. Plessy v. Ferguson was a case decided by the Supreme Court in 1896 that said segregation was constitutional as long as the separate facilities provided were of equal standard. WebMcLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents is a case that was decided on June 5, 1950, by the United States Supreme Court holding that a state cannot treat a student differently on the basis of race. Box v. Planned Parenthood of Indiana and Kentucky, Inc. Monell v. Department of Social Services of the City of New York, Will v. Michigan Department of State Police, Inyo County v. Paiute-Shoshone Indians of the Bishop Community, Fitzgerald v. Barnstable School Committee. Discover the ruling of this important court case of 1950. 1149 (1950), the African-American plaintiff was a graduate student who claimed he had been denied equal educational opportunities because he was required to sit in special seats or at a special table designated for African-Americans. 0000001099 00000 n His case set a precedent through which may laws regarding segregation were struck down. WebOn January 14, 1946, the petitioner, a Negro, concededly qualified to receive the professional legal education offered by the State, applied for admission to the School of Law of the University of Oklahoma, the only institution for legal education supported and maintained by the taxpayers of the Oklahoma. Marian W. Perry and Franklin H. Williams were also of counsel. The Supreme Court noted that the special treatment McLaurin received because of his race set him apart from the other students. Such restrictions impair and inhibit his ability to study, to engage in discussions and exchange views with other students, and, in general, to learn his profession. See Sweatt v. Painter, ante, p. 629. The school authorities were required to exclude him by the Oklahoma statutes, 70 Okla. Stat. There is a vast differencea Constitutional differencebetween restrictions imposed by the state which prohibit the intellectual commingling of students, and the refusal of individuals to commingle where the state presents no such bar. We conclude that the conditions under which this appellant is required to receive his education deprive him of his personal and present right to the equal protection of the laws. The litigation in McLaurin began to take shape when George W. McLaurin, an African American student with a masters degree, applied for admission to the University of Oklahoma in pursuit of a doctorate in education but was denied entry solely because of his race. 851 [ 94 L.Ed. P. 641. Robert L. Carter and Amos T. Hall argued the cause for appellant. McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents (1950) signaled that the Supreme Court would no longer tolerate any separate treatment of students based on their race. 299, 92 L.Ed. George McLaurin sued for equal protection under the 14th Amendment. Appellant is a Negro citizen of Oklahoma. The case was decided on June 5, 1950. WebIn 1948, George McLaurin applied to the University of Oklahoma's master's degree program in education. (1950) 455, 456, 457. The individual filed a complaint on the grounds that his right to equal protection had been violated by the school's actions. The court did not believe that it was Constitutional to integrate different races and social classes. The court summarily dismissed this argument, noting that the treatment set the plaintiff apart from other students, because he was still restricted as to where he could sit. (1941) 455, 456, 457, which made it a misdemeanor to maintain or operate, teach or attend a school at which both whites and Negroes are enrolled or taught. Appellant, having been admitted to a state-supported graduate school, must receive the same treatment at the hands of the state as students of other races. In McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, 339 U.S. 637, 70 S.Ct. Learn about the court case of McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents with a summary and case brief. Appellant [339 U.S. 637, 640] was thereupon admitted to the University of Oklahoma Graduate School. McLaurin had to sit at a separate table in classrooms, the library, and the cafeteria. Mr. Fred Hansen, Oklahoma City, Okl., for appellees. WebIn McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, supra, the Court, in requiring that a Negro admitted to a white graduate school be treated like all other students, again resorted to intangible considerations: ". An Oklahoma law permitted Black Argued April 3, 4, 1950. Segregated basis is defined as "classroom instruction given in separate classrooms, or at separate times." [ Footnote 1 ] The amendment adds the following proviso to each of the sections relating to mixed schools: Provided, that the provisions of this Section shall not apply to programs of instruction leading to a particular degree given at State owned or operated colleges or institutions of higher education of this State established for and/or used by the white race, where such programs of instruction leading to a particular degree are not given at colleges or institutions of higher education of this State established for and/or used by the colored race; provided further, that said programs of instruction leading to a particular degree shall be given at such colleges or institutions of higher education upon a segregated basis. 70 Okla. Stat. Such reasoning, though common in courts up to that time, was about to lose all legitimacy. WebMcLAURIN v. OKLAHOMA DEPT. Thus he was required to sit apart at a designated desk in an anteroom adjoining the classroom; to sit at a designated desk on the mezzanine floor of the library, but not to use the desks in the regular reading room; and to sit at a designated table and to eat at a different time from the other students in the school cafeteria. Ann. Please select which sections you would like to print: Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. This includes individual articles (copyright to OHS by author assignment) and corporately (as a complete body of work), including web design, graphics, searching functions, and listing/browsing methods. In an opinion marked by balance, even caution, a three-judge panel struck down the law, to the extent that it prohibited McLaurin from attending the University of Oklahoma. During the time between the students filing of his appeal and the Supreme Courts having conducted oral arguments, university officials modified their treatment of the plaintiff. The removal of the state restrictions will not necessarily abate individual and group predilections, prejudices and choices. 1149], it appeared that appellant was admitted as a graduate student at the University of Oklahoma, but in the classroom was required to sit in a row specified for colored students; in the library, he was assigned a special table; and in the cafeteria he was required to sit at a table apart from other students. Why it matters: The Supreme Court's decision in this case established that the Equal Protection Clause prohibited states from treating students differently on the basis of race. In this case, we are faced with the question whether a state may, after admitting a student to graduate instruction in its state university, afford him different treatment from other students solely because of his race. Briefs of amici curiae, supporting appellant, were filed by Solicitor General Perlman and Philip Elman for the United States; Paul G. Annes for the American Federation of Teachers; Phineas Indritz for the American Veterans Committee, Inc.; Arthur J. Goldberg for the Congress of Industrial Organizations; Edward J. Ennis and Saburo Kido for the Japanese American Citizens League; and Arthur Garfield Hays and Eugene Nickerson for the American Civil Liberties Union. The case McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents began when the University of Oklahoma denied George McLaurin into its graduate program because of his race. Pp. 0000001037 00000 n Name Meaning Pitts Linda Joan 1 English: variant of Pitt .2 Americanized spelling of German Pitz . The school authorities were required to exclude him by the Oklahoma statutes, 70 Okla. Stat. [2], Oral argument was held between April 3, 1950, and April 4, 1950. Following this decision, the Oklahoma legislature amended these statutes to permit the admission of Negroes to institutions of higher learning attended by white students, in cases where such institutions offered courses not available in the Negro schools. McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, an important case leading up to the U.S. Supreme Court's 1954 decision in Brown v. Board of Education, struck down the Oklahoma statute that mandated segregation in education. Individual users must determine if their use of the Materials falls under United States copyright law's "Fair Use" guidelines and does not infringe on the proprietary rights of the Oklahoma Historical Society as the legal copyright holder of The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and part or in whole. 232, 83 L.Ed. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) had made segregation a standard practice in much of the American South. The proceedings below are stated in the opinion. This precedent would be echoed in the 1954 case Brown v. Board of Education, which ruled that it was unconstitutional to segregate public schools. This would set a precedent for future legal issues about segregation, including the landmark case Brown v. Board of Education a few years later. The University admitted McLaurin but provided him separate facilities, including a special table in the cafeteria, a designated desk in the library, a desk just outside the classroom doorway, and sometimes even made him eat at different times than the other students. McLaurin filed an injunction in federal court with the argument that the University of Oklahoma had denied him his rights under the Fourteenth Amendment. Argued April 3-4, 1950. The amendment adds the following proviso to each of the sections relating to mixed schools: "Provided, that the provisions of this Section shall not apply to programs of instruction leading to a particular degree given at State owned or operated colleges or institutions of higher education of this State established for and/or used by the white race, where such programs of instruction leading to a particular degree are not given at colleges or institutions of higher education of this State established for and/or used by the colored race; provided further, that said programs of instruction leading to a particular degree shall be given at such colleges or institutions of higher education upon a segregated basis." The removal of the state restrictions will not necessarily abate individual and group predilections, prejudices and choices. Peer interaction is a vital element in obtaining a good education, and McLaurin was being deprived of that right through segregation. The proceedings below are stated in the opinion. 455. Appellant was thereupon admitted to the University of Oklahoma Graduate School. On June 5, 1950, the United States Supreme Court ruled that a public institution of higher learning could not provide different treatment to a student solely because of his/her race as doing so deprived the student of his/her Fourteenth Amendment rights of Equal Protection. Subscribe Now. 528. Decided June 5, 1950. (a) The restrictions imposed upon appellant impair and inhibit his ability to study, to engage in discussions and exchange views with other students, and, in general, to learn his profession. Appellant's case represents, perhaps, the epitome of that need, for he is attempting to obtain an advanced degree in education, to become, by definition, a leader and trainer of others. Thus he was required to sit apart at a designated desk in an anteroom adjoining the classroom; to sit at a designated desk on the mezzanine floor of the library, but not to use the desks in the regular reading room; and to sit at a designated table and to eat at a different time from the other students in the school cafeteria. WebMcLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents Download PDF Check Treatment Summary holding that a state sponsored graduate school's disparate treatment of an admitted black George McLaurin George McLaurin was the first African American student admitted to the University of Oklahoma. Mullane v. Central Hanover Bank & Trust Co. Sweatt v. Painter: Summary, Decision & Significance, Feiner v. New York (1951): Case Brief, Significance & Facts, Universal Camera Corp. v. National Labor Relations Board, Dennis v. United States: Summary, Significance & Decision, Stack v. Boyle (1951): Case Brief, Facts & Decision, Rochin v. 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Ballotpedia features 408,463 encyclopedic articles written and curated by our professional staff of editors, writers, and researchers. In the interval between the decision of the court below and the hearing in this Court, the treatment afforded appellant was altered. Download: About this Item Title U.S. Reports: McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, As a result of the amended Oklahoma law, the plaintiff was assigned to sit in a row of classroom seats reserved for African American students, had to sit at an assigned table in the library, and, while he was allowed to eat in the cafeteria, he had a designated table. Get free summaries of new US Supreme Court opinions delivered to your inbox! The removal of the state restrictions will not necessarily abate individual and group predilections, prejudices and choices. McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents (1950) was a case regarding higher education that was decided by the United States Supreme Court saying that colleges and universities could not segregate students under the Fourteenth Amendment. It is vital that students have the opportunity to learn from all of their other peers. WebO'Connor. We decide only this issue; see Sweatt v. Painter, ante, p. 629. We decide only this issue; see Sweatt v. Painter, ante, p. 629. McLAURINv.OKLAHOMA STATE REGENTS FOR HIGHER EDUCATION et al. Their own education and development will necessarily suffer to the extent that his training is unequal to that of his classmates. 0000002961 00000 n Submit a Correction The result was that he was handicapped in his pursuit of effective graduate instruction. A three-judge federal trial court determined that officials in Oklahoma had a constitutional duty to provide the plaintiff with the education he wanted as soon as they offered the same to students of any other race. Argued April 3-4, 1950. It was not until 1950 that the Supreme Court ruled that the treatment must be equal between White and African American students. Research: Josh Altic Vojsava Ramaj 87 F.Supp. Using sweeping language, the Supreme Court acknowledged that, because American society was changing, discrimination based on race had no place in education. 0000071186 00000 n Oklahoma Historical Society800 Nazih Zuhdi Drive, Oklahoma City, OK 73105 | 405-521-2491Site Index | Contact Us | Privacy | Press Room | Website Inquiries, Get Updates in Your Inbox Keep up to date with our weekly newsletter delivered straight to your inbox. McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents helped to abolish this policy, specifically in colleges and universities. It may be argued that appellant will be in no better position when these restrictions are removed, for he may still be set apart by his fellow students. Gaines v. Canada, 305 U.S. 337 (1938), and Sipuel v. Board of Regents, 332 U.S. 631 (1948), a statutory three-judge District Court held that the State had a Constitutional duty to provide him with the education he sought as soon as it provided that education for applicants of any other group. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google. Hoping to earn a doctorate in education, he applied for admission to graduate study at Oklahoma's all 87 F. Supp. Contractors of America v. Jacksonville, Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1149 *637 **852 These restrictions were obviously imposed in order to comply, as nearly as could be, with the statutory requirements of Oklahoma. Stateimposed restrictions which produce such inequalities cannot be sustained. McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents (1950) was a case regarding higher education that was decided by the United States Supreme Court saying that colleges Dictionary of American Family Names Patrick Hanks 2003, 2006. The Supreme Court made this decision unanimously in 1950. But they signify that the State, in administering the facilities it affords for professional and graduate study, sets McLaurin apart from the other students. This appeal followed. In apparent conformity with the amendment, his admission was made subject to "such rules and regulations as to segregation as the President of the University shall consider to afford to Mr. G. W. McLaurin substantially equal educational opportunities as are afforded to other persons seeking the same education in the Graduate College," a condition which does not appear to have been withdrawn. All rights reserved. Possessing a Master's Degree, he applied for admission to the University of Oklahoma in order to pursue studies and courses leading to a Doctorate in Education. Sturdivant v. Blue Valley Unified Sch. McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents is a case that was decided on June 5, 1950, by the United States Supreme Court holding that a state cannot treat a student differently on the basis of race. WebThe University of Oklahoma accepted George McLaurin to its graduate program in education, but separated him from other students. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The Civil Rights Movement Begins Age 12 The civil rights movement was a movement to enforce constitutional and legal rights for African Americans that the other Americans enjoyed. Gaines v. Canada, 305 U.S. 337, 59 S.Ct. . By segregating him, he was unable to engage in discussions and share his viewpoints, and these restrictions made it difficult to work and learn. But at the very least, the state will not be depriving appellant of the opportunity to secure acceptance by his fellow students on his own merits. He may wait in line in the cafeteria and there stand and talk with his fellow students, but while he eats he must remain apart. - 339 U.S. 637, 70 S. Ct. 851 (1950) Rule: Where conditions exist where a student of color is required to receive his Omissions? Supreme Court 339 U.S. 637 70 S.Ct. 640-641. The justices agreed unanimously that since McLaurin was admitted into the University of Oklahoma, denying him access to his peers through segregation was denying him an opportunity to "study, to engage in discussions and exchange views with other students, and, in general, to learn his profession." Thus he was required to sit apart at a designated desk in an anteroom adjoining the classroom; to sit at a designated desk on the mezzanine floor of the library, but not to use the desks in the regular reading room; and to sit at a designated table and to eat at a different time from the other students in the school cafeteria. To remove these conditions, appellant filed a motion to modify the order and judgment of the District Court. Yes. Pursuant to a requirement of state law that the instruction of Negroes in institutions of higher education be "upon a segregated basis," however, he was assigned to a seat in the classroom in a row specified for Negro students, was assigned to a special table in the library, and, although permitted to eat in the cafeteria at the same time as other students, was assigned to a special table there. Brianna has her undergraduate degree in English Education and her master's degree in Urban Education. 339 U. S. 638-642. [1], Chief Justice Frederick Vinson, writing for the court, argued that the actions of the University of Oklahoma violated the student's constitutional right to equal protection under the Fourteenth Amendment. On the assumption, however, that the State would follow the constitutional mandate, the court refused to grant the injunction, retaining jurisdiction of the cause with full power to issue any necessary and proper orders to secure McLaurin the equal protection of the laws. 247, a statutory three-judge District Court held, 87 F.Supp. To remove these conditions, appellant filed a motion to modify the order and judgment of the District Court. 1149, the Supreme Court had held that it was a denial of the equal protection guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment for a state to segregate on the ground of race a student who had been admitted to an institution of higher learning. Chief Justice Fred Vinson, writing for the court, held that the differential treatment given to McLaurin was itself a violation of the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection clause: "Such restrictions impair and inhibit his ability to study, to engage in discussions and exchange views with other students, and, in general, to learn his profession." Terms of Use About the Encyclopedia. WebMcLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Ed., 87 F. Supp. McLaurin argued that due to this treatment, he was being deprived of his rights under the 14 Amendment. These restrictions were obviously imposed in order to comply, as nearly as could be, with the statutory requirements of Oklahoma. The Supreme Court reversed the decision of the United States District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma.[1][2]. On January 28, 1948, a retired black professor, George McLaurin, applied to the University of Oklahoma to pursue a Doctorate in Education. U.S. Supreme Court Cases: Study Guide & Review, Johnson v. Eisentrager: Case Brief & Summary, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, Ruling of McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents. It is said that the separations imposed by the State in this case are in form merely nominal. McLaurin appealed to the United States Supreme Court on the basis that he was being denied equal protection under the 14th Amendment. Users agree not to download, copy, modify, sell, lease, rent, reprint, or otherwise distribute these materials, or to link to these materials on another web site, without authorization of the Oklahoma Historical Society. Okla. 1948) October 6, 1948 87 F. Supp. if(document.getElementsByClassName("reference").length==0) if(document.getElementById('Footnotes')!==null) document.getElementById('Footnotes').parentNode.style.display = 'none'; Communications: Alison Graves Carley Allensworth Abigail Campbell Sarah Groat Erica Shumaker Caitlin Vanden Boom '1 Appellant was thereupon admitted to the University of Oklahoma Graduate School. We conclude that the conditions under which this appellant is required to receive his education deprive him of his personal and present right to the equal protection of the laws. Pursuant to a requirement of state law that the instruction of Negroes in institutions of higher education be "upon a segregated basis," however, he was assigned to a seat in the classroom in a row specified for Negro students, was assigned to a special table in the library, and, although permitted to eat in the cafeteria at the same time as other students, was assigned to a special table there. Appellant filed a complaint requesting injunctive relief, alleging that the action of the school authorities and the statutes upon which their action was based were unconstitutional and deprived him [339 U.S. 637, 639] of the equal protection of the laws. The primary purpose of the 14th Amendment was to extend rights and protections found in the Constitution to the states. Citing our decisions in Missouri ex rel. Pp. McLaurin returned to the U.S. District court and petitioned to require the University of Oklahoma to remove the separate facilities allowing him to interact with the other students fully (87 F. Supp. McLaurin (plaintiff) was a Black citizen of Oklahoma. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Appellant, having been admitted to a state-supported graduate school, must receive the same treatment at the hands of the state as students of other races. In McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, (339 U.S. 637, 70 S.Ct. The Court held that it was unconstitutional under the "equal protection clause" of the Fourteenth Amendment to deny McLaurin an equal education to the one his white peers were receiving. Possible Related Names Pitt Pitz WebMcLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, 339 U.S. 637 (1950) McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education. These factors are elemental to robust education. Therefore, the Court ruled that higher institutions such as colleges and universities were prohibited from practicing segregation, as it violated equal protection in an educational setting. Segregated basis is defined as 'classroom instruction given in separate classrooms, or at separate times.' It may be argued that appellant will be in no better position when these restrictions are removed, for he may still be set apart by his fellow students.
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