Part three of our introduction to seismology series is an exercise about the Modified Mercalli Intensity scale which is used by seismologists to determine the magnitude and epicenter of earthquakes of the past. Htwe, Y.M.M. Modified Mercallit (MM) Scale Primary wave (P wave) Richter, Charles Francis (19001985) Secondary wave (S wave) Tectonic and Tectono-Seismic Hazards Tectonic Tremor Bibliography Arias, A., 1970. WebThe most commonly used earthquake intensity scale is the Modified Mercalli earthquake intensity scale. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. Using one arm, cover your head and neck. This implies that the standard of building construction in Myanmar, in terms of withstanding earthquake hazards, is not high enough such that low ground motions contribute to a high degree of structure damage, particularly at higher levels of ground shaking. In case of no shelter, hold on to your head and neck with both arms and hands. Other intensity scales are used in some countries. Cite as: National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Underground pipes broken. (2) where PGA is the peak ground acceleration (cm/s 2) and MMI is the level of macroseismic intensity in terms of MMI scale. Pendulum clocks stop, start, change rate. If students are having difficulty brainstorming drawings for the different levels of the Mercalli Scale, have them brainstorm ideas with their partner or as a group. To calculate the moment magnitude, seismologists need to know the seismic moment, M0M_0M0: The seismic moment is found by multiplication of three physical parameters rigidity, area, and slip: \mu Shear modulus of the rocks (dyne/cm2), which is the rock's resistance to bending (rock rigidity). =\YUgeFY#r\Qsa7`og:_:U7h|3o bR9c[O?qCvm(3yoQ^JJ[6t^C5b&jk$ox*o u&l[j}psjs.vBt/T@U_t/GONY|LP +:i.&TpN;0gM[URRY" 110 The Mercalli Scale Calling Station KWAT. Although it confounds many variables, Furniture broken. Geological Survey, national and government databases and reports, earthquake and tsunami Trees and poles While shaking is caused Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 24, 79-89. Considerable damage to specially built structures, buildings shifted off foundations. Empirically, the macroseismic intensity is most frequently related to the PGA because this engineering ground-motion parameter is the most commonly correlated parameter to structural damage and it is important for seismic resistant structure design [12]. Counts toward Master of Disaster badge. However, in practice, a physically based ground-motion measure is needed particularly for engineering purposes. (Ganse, Robert A., John B. Nelson, 1981). Read the newspaper reports for each city and assign Mercalli intensity values to each of the reporting areas based on the classifications in Table 1 above. II: Felt by a few people, especially on upper floors. Magnitude measures the energy released at the source of the earthquake. Louisville, KY: "The Captain's Restaurant reported $3000 damage due to broken china and glassware. $1 million or more), magnitude 7.5 or greater, Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) X Rails bent greatly. substrate, the buildings, etc. The Modified Mercalli intensity scale (MM, MMI, or MCS), developed from Giuseppe Mercalli's Mercalli intensity scale of 1902, is a seismic intensity scale used for measuring the intensity of shaking produced by an earthquake. Knoxville, TN: "Books fell off upper shelves of the school library. Japan, however, is the country where we detect the most earthquakes (because of its dense seismic grid). Copyright http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/US_Navy_110320-M-0145H-063_A_large_ferry_boat_rests_inland_amidst_destroyed_houses_after_a_9.0_earthquake_and_subsequent_tsunami_struck_Japan_March.jpg. The methodology is simple. Earthquake, 17, 711-723. An official website of the United States government. What city is closest to your estimated epicenter for this earthquake? WebThe above documentation is transcluded from Template:MMI/doc. The number of earthquake recording stations is, therefore, low and as a result the earthquake impactions are usually observed in macroseismic intensity and reported manually in terms of isoseismal maps. Noticeable indoors, especially on upper floors, but may not be recognized as an earthquake. (1999) TriNet Shakemaps: rapid generation of peak ground motion and intensity maps for earthquakes in southern California. Memphis, TN: "Damage to the city is severe. Even sports teams have different levels to make sure that teams with the same ability play each other. These variations can be considerable, even over short distances. Bridges destroyed. Total damage. WebThe most widely used scale is the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale (MMI scale). While every effort has been made to ensure that these data are accurate and reliable The descriptions below are a simplified version of the New Zealand Modified Mercalli Intensity scale. WSU Press, Seattle. amount of energy released during an earthquake. Indianapolis, IN: . The Mercalli scale is particularly useful for comparing modern earthquakes with those that occurred before the era of seismographic recording (i.e., prior to 1900)-and for providing estimates of earthquake location, focal depth, and magnitude for these early events. at least one of the following criteria: caused deaths, caused moderate damage (approximately it is valuable in, evaluating ground shaking in modern quakes. Felt indoors. May feel like a heavy truck passing by. WebThe most common intensity scale used in Australia is the 12-point Modified Mercalli scale. WebThe Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale is commonly used in the United States by seismologists seeking information on the severity of earthquake effects. The uncertainties in the variables used in the damage estimation should also be discussed. With improved engineering technology to predict the size and force of earthquakes, cities and communities have more time to prepare themselves from harm. Damage to weak masonry. ", 21. 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive Reston, VA 20192. WebIntensity Witness Perceptions and Damage; I: Felt by very few people; barely noticeable. Alternative scales have been developed in both Japan and Europe for local conditions. AAA and DDD are calculated thanks to complex mathematical models predicted by seismograms. Financial support is acknowledged from the Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University through the Thai Government Stimulus Package 2 (TKK2555: PERFECTA); The National Research University Project of CHE; and the Ratchadaphiseksomphot Endowment Fund (Project Code CC508B). A modified version of his scale is still in use today. We use a grading scale in school when we get an A, B or C. Some schools use a numeric grading system for the same level of work, where an A is equal to a 4, a B to a 3, and so on. The European (MSK) scale of 12 grades is similar to the abridged version of the Mercalli. By rating earthquakes, engineers can predict which quakes are going to cause the most damage and warn humans about them. Note that the scale is based on vibration experienced at a particular site. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features Press Copyright Contact us ( edit | history) Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox ( edit | diff) and testcases ( edit) pages. This is a complete binder of activities for Grades K-6. Hanging objects quivering. Felt by everyone. The projector calculator finds the optimum viewing distance and throw distance for a specific projection size. Serious damage to reservoirs. and Wenbin, S. (2010) Seismic hazard maps of Yangon and its surrounding areas. Felt by persons at rest, on upper floors, or otherwise favourably placed to sense tremors. Intensity ratings }> Y'.a +*(Ezx.8 It also triggered numerous landslides, floods, and even volcanic eruptions. Difficult to stand. Thus, the Mercalli scale describes how the earthquake affected a given location, and a range of Mercalli intensity values are assigned for the same earthquake, assuming it affected not just one area. Weak masonry destroyed; ordinary masonry heavily damaged, sometimes with complete collapse; reinforced masonry seriously damaged. Thipyopass, S. (2010) Paleoearthquake investigation along the ranong fault zone, southern Thailand. OFFICE OF RESEARCH Use of the TeachEngineering digital library and this website constitutes acceptance of our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. Cut all necessary paper needed for the class activity. Historical documents indicate that a severe earthquake occurred somewhere in the Midwest, and the effects were felt over a wide area. Intensity. With this earthquake calculator, you can estimate the energy release of an earthquake. ", 4. Google and Fumal, T.E. Note that the effects on a particular area are highly dependent on the type of construction in the area. Compared with the previously proposed MMI-PGA relationships for other regions, the standards/provisions of building construction in Myanmar is not high enough to withstand the hazards from earthquakes, particularly at higher levels of ground motion. from publication: Damage Observations Following the Mw 7.8 2016 Kaikoura It is constant for specific types of rock; DDD Average fault displacement (cm); the distance one block is relocated; and. Learn how to calculate the duty cycle of a periodic system with Omni's duty cycle calculator: insert what you know, and we'll do the math! called the Moment Magnitude Scale, which measures the This method of obtaining data is not enough for the numerical analysis of seismic hazards and in particular is not sufficient for engineering purposes [3]. the amount of movement or energy released. Earthquake templates. Get to an open space if possible. Little damage in specially built structures. ground. The Rossi-Forel scale is relatively old, has values from 1 to 10, and is still used in some countries. Like passing train, Books off shelves. www.teachengineering.org/activities/view/cub_natdis_lesson03_activity3, Search curriculum by Common Core standards, Natural Disasters: Earthquakes, Volcanoes, Tornadoes & More. and damage. 3 - 36 Questions from Britannicas Most Popular Science Quizzes. Jackson, MS: "Broken plaster was noted in the entry to the old City Hall building. of the MMI scale (i.e., felt by nearly everyone; many awakened. WebThe Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale. Free K-12 standards-aligned STEM curriculum for educators everywhere. Dishes, windows, doors disturbed. Quality, Department Branches broken from trees, General panic. III. Thus, for the reduction of earthquake hazards in Myanmar, earthquake hazard situations should be realized and the standard building code should be modified accordingly to withstand such ground movement. The contents of this digital library curriculum were developed under a grant from the Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education (FIPSE), U.S. Department of Education, and National Science Foundation GK-12 grant no. Thelowernumbers of the intensity scale generally deal with the manner in which the earthquake is felt by people. any damages caused by any errors or omissions in the data, nor as a result of the Thereafter, the obtained mean PGA is plotted against the MMI. {0,W7au]n{~y _aXV,k2m!J}UMv}xG?o?zW2Qeu,3Q~1trX&EYNLf5{}2C]|*+]n|=rxStH\Y#e\nX|_H^5E]4[:+fWxPBJLnty@6v 'ygb ~6\[K.|%TZl!DRE)Dgu[6*>(O[y=Tr1 Humans cannot eliminate the hazards but can take steps to reduce their impacts. 2006-2013 Scientific Research Publishing Inc. All rights reserved. How Can I Locate the Earthquake Epicenter? The Modified Mercalli Intensity value assigned to a specific site after an earthquake has a more meaningful measure of severity to the nonscientist than themagnitudebecause intensity refers to the effects actually experienced at that place. (ed. WebIn the United States, we use the Modified Mercalli (MMI) Scale. ", 11. This is a semi-quantitative scale used to evaluate ground shaking Students learn about the Mercalli Scale for rating earthquakes.copyrightCopyright http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/US_Navy_110320-M-0145H-063_A_large_ferry_boat_rests_inland_amidst_destroyed_houses_after_a_9.0_earthquake_and_subsequent_tsunami_struck_Japan_March.jpg.
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